The APA style guide was developed by the American Psychological Association and is primarily used in the field of psychology, although many other professional fields have adopted the APA style.
It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Plagiarism and Authority They often say that students must learn about citing sources to avoid plagiarism.
You become more credible by showing you've been responsible in arriving at your position that is, by doing research. At first, writing proper citations in academic writing seems confusing and strange.
However, as you continue to write your papers, it becomes clear why you must include citations in your research papers and essays.
There are thousands of different style guides in writing, researching and publishing academic writing. These are the most common ones for middle, high school and college classes:. What is a citation? Simply put, a citation shows your reader the exact source you used to research your paper. There are two parts to a citation:. You do this by placing an in-text citation that directs your reader to the full source information. The second part of the citation is the full source information.
Karen R. Libraries Unlimited, 4. What is citation? It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including: information about the author, the title of the work, the name and location that published copy of the source, date, and the page numbers of the material one is borrowing. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot.
Wikipedia 5. A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI Digital Object Identifier.
Cite various sources from Social Media: 7. Whenever researchers borrow words or ideas, they need to acknowledge their sources. In all of the cases above, the standards of academic integrity require both citing the source in the text of your essay and its incorporation into your bibliography. Different forms of citation for different disciplines. Examples : when one cite sources in a psychology paper you would probably use a different form of citation than one might in a paper for literary research paper.
Finally, you should always consult your instructor to determine the form of citation appropriate for your paper.
You can save a lot of time and energy simply by asking "How should I cite my sources," or "What style of citation should I use? A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting The citation style depends on the academic discipline involved. The date follows the author and is in parentheses.
Capitalization: All major words in the title are capitalized and the title is underlined. Only the first word of the title, the first word of a subtitle, and any proper nouns like names are capitalized. Everything else is lowercase. Also, the title is written in italics. APA uses the last name of the author and the date. Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper Offers detailed guidance on how to develop, organize, and write a college-level research paper in the social and behavioral sciences.
The Abstract Executive Summary 4. The Introduction The C. The Discussion Limitations of the Study 9. The Conclusion Appendices Definition A citation is a formal reference to a published or unpublished source that you consulted and obtained information from while writing your research paper. Importance of a Citing your Sources Citations document for your readers where you obtained your material, provide a means of critiquing your study based on the sources you used, and create an opportunity to obtain information about prior studies of the research problem under investigation.
Citing the works of others is important because: Proper citation allows readers to locate the materials you used. Citations to sources helps readers expand their knowledge on a topic. One of the most effective strategies for locating authoritative, relevant sources about a topic is to review footnotes or references from known sources ["citation tracking"].
Citing other people's words and ideas demonstrates that you have conducted a thorough review of the literature on your topic and, therefore, you are reporting your research from an informed and critically engaged perspective. The list of sources used increases your credibility as the author of the work. Other researcher's ideas can be used to reinforce your arguments. In many cases, another researcher's arguments can act as the primary context from which you can emphasize the significance of your study and to provide supporting evidence about how you addressed the "So What?
The ideas of other researchers can be used to explain reasons for alternative approaches. If you disagree with a researcher's ideas or you believe there is a gap in understanding the research problem, your citations can serve as sources from which to argue an alternative viewpoint or the need to pursue a different course of action.
Ju st as the ideas of other researchers can bolster your arguments, they can also detract from your credibility if their research is challenged. Properly citing sources prevents your reputation from being tarnished if the facts or ideas of those cited are proven to be inaccurate or off-base. It prevents readers from concluding that you ignored or dismissed the findings of others, even if they are disputed.
Ideas are considered intellectual property and there can be serious repercussions if you fail to cite where you got an idea from. In academe, failure to cite other people's intellectual property could lead to receiving a failing grade for the assignment or the course. In the professional world, failure to cite other people's intellectual property ruins careers and reputations and can result in legal action.
Citing sources as a student in college will help you get in the habit of acknowledging and properly citing the work of others. Citation Research Guides The following USC Libraries research guide can help you properly cite sources in your research paper: Citation Guide The following USC Libraries research guide offers basic information on using images and media in research: Fair Use Listed below are particularly well-done and comprehensive websites that provide specific examples of how to cite sources under different style guidelines.
Colgate Visual Resources Library, Citing Images This guide provides good information on the act of citation analysis, whereby you count the number of times a published work is cited by other works in order to measure the impact of a publication or author.
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